DashGL

Now that we have enemies that move, and a player character that can fire bullets, we will implement shooting the enemies. To keep things simple, we will test by radius. We can use the pythagorean theorem to get the the distance from the center of the bullet to the center of the enemy. If that distance is less than a given radius then we count it as a hit adn deactivate the enemy.

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <epoxy/gl.h>
#include <epoxy/glx.h>
#include <gtk/gtk.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "DashGL/dashgl.h"

static void on_realize(GtkGLArea *area);
static void on_render(GtkGLArea *area, GdkGLContext *context);
static gboolean on_idle(gpointer data);
static gboolean on_keydown(GtkWidget *widget, GdkEventKey *event);
static gboolean on_keyup(GtkWidget *widget, GdkEventKey *event);

#define WIDTH 640.0f
#define HEIGHT 480.0f

GLuint program;
GLuint vao;
GLint attribute_texcoord, attribute_coord2d;
GLint uniform_mytexture, uniform_mvp;

struct {
	GLuint vbo;
	GLuint tex;
	mat4 mvp;
} background;

struct {
	GLuint vbo;
	GLuint tex;
	vec3 pos;
	mat4 mvp;
	gboolean left;
	gboolean right;
	int num_bullets;
	vec3 *bullets;
	gboolean *active;
	gboolean space;
} player;

struct {
	GLuint vbo;
	GLuint tex;
	mat4 mvp;
	GLfloat dy;
} bullet;

struct {
	GLuint vbo;
	GLuint tex;
	mat4 mvp;
	vec3 *pos;
	int num_enemies;
	float dx, dy;
	gboolean *active;
} enemy;

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

	GtkWidget *window;
	GtkWidget *glArea;

	gtk_init(&argc, &argv);

	// Initialize Window

	window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
	gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), "Invaders Tutorial");
	gtk_window_set_position(GTK_WINDOW(window), GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER);
	gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window), 640, 480);
	gtk_window_set_type_hint(GTK_WINDOW(window), GDK_WINDOW_TYPE_HINT_UTILITY);
	g_signal_connect(window, "destroy", G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit), NULL);
	g_signal_connect(window, "key-press-event", G_CALLBACK(on_keydown), NULL);
	g_signal_connect(window, "key-release-event", G_CALLBACK(on_keyup), NULL);

	// Initialize GTK GL Area

	glArea = gtk_gl_area_new();
	gtk_widget_set_vexpand(glArea, TRUE);
	gtk_widget_set_hexpand(glArea, TRUE);
	g_signal_connect(glArea, "realize", G_CALLBACK(on_realize), NULL);
	g_signal_connect(glArea, "render", G_CALLBACK(on_render), NULL);
	gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window), glArea);

	// Show widgets

	gtk_widget_show_all(window);
	gtk_main();

	return 0;

}

static void on_realize(GtkGLArea *area) {

	// Debug Message

	g_print("on realize     0\n");

	gtk_gl_area_make_current(area);
	if(gtk_gl_area_get_error(area) != NULL) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Unknown error\n");
		return;
	}

	const GLubyte *renderer = glGetString(GL_RENDER);
	const GLubyte *version = glGetString(GL_VERSION);

	g_print("Renderer: %s\n", renderer);
	g_print("OpenGL version supported %s\n", version);

	glClearColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);

	glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao);
	glBindVertexArray(vao);

	// Background Sprite

	GLfloat background_vertices[] = {
		0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 
		0.0, HEIGHT, 0.0, 1.0,
		WIDTH, HEIGHT, 1.0, 1.0,
		
		0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0,
		WIDTH, HEIGHT, 1.0, 1.0,
		WIDTH, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0
	};
	
	glGenBuffers(1, &background.vbo);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, background.vbo);
	glBufferData(
		GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,
		sizeof(background_vertices),
		background_vertices,
		GL_STATIC_DRAW
	);
	
	mat4_identity(background.mvp);
	background.tex = shader_load_texture("sprites/background.png");
	
	// Player Sprite

	GLfloat player_vertices[] = {
		-22.0, -22.0, 0.0, 0.0, 
		-22.0,  22.0, 0.0, 1.0,
		 22.0,  22.0, 1.0, 1.0,
		
		-22.0, -22.0, 0.0, 0.0,
		 22.0,  22.0, 1.0, 1.0,
		 22.0, -22.0, 1.0, 0.0
	};
	
	glGenBuffers(1, &player.vbo);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, player.vbo);
	glBufferData(
		GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,
		sizeof(player_vertices),
		player_vertices,
		GL_STATIC_DRAW
	);
	
	player.pos[0] = WIDTH / 2;
	player.pos[1] = 30.0f;
	player.pos[2] = 0.0;
	player.left = FALSE;
	player.right = FALSE;
	
	mat4_translate(player.pos, player.mvp);
	player.tex = shader_load_texture("sprites/player.png");
	
	player.space = FALSE;
	player.num_bullets = 3;
	player.bullets = malloc(player.num_bullets * sizeof(vec3));
	player.active = malloc(player.num_bullets * sizeof(gboolean));

	int i;
	for(i = 0; i enemy.active = malloc(enemy.num_enemies * sizeof(gboolean));
	
	enemy.dx = 3.0f;
	enemy.dy = -10.0f;

	float x = 70.0f;
	float y = HEIGHT - 140.0f;

	for(i = 0; i enemy.active[i] = TRUE;

		x += 90.0f;

		if(i == 4) {
			x = 70.0f;
			y += 90.0f;
		}
	}

	// Bullet Sprite

	GLfloat bullet_vertices[] = {
		-6.0, -12.0, 0.0, 0.0, 
		-6.0,  12.0, 0.0, 1.0,
		 6.0,  12.0, 1.0, 1.0,
		
		-6.0, -12.0, 0.0, 0.0,
		 6.0,  12.0, 1.0, 1.0,
		 6.0, -12.0, 1.0, 0.0
	};
	
	glGenBuffers(1, &bullet.vbo);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, bullet.vbo);
	glBufferData(
		GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,
		sizeof(bullet_vertices),
		bullet_vertices,
		GL_STATIC_DRAW
	);
	
	bullet.tex = shader_load_texture("sprites/bullet.png");
	bullet.dy = 10.0f;

	// Compile Shader Program

	GLint compile_ok = GL_FALSE;
	GLint link_ok = GL_FALSE;

	const char *vs = "shader/vertex.glsl";
	const char *fs = "shader/fragment.glsl";
	program = shader_load_program(vs, fs);

	const char *attribute_name = "coord2d";
	attribute_coord2d = glGetAttribLocation(program, attribute_name);
	if(attribute_coord2d == -1) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Could not bind attribute %s\n", attribute_name);
		return;
	}

	attribute_name = "uv_coord";
	attribute_texcoord = glGetAttribLocation(program, attribute_name);
	if(attribute_texcoord == -1) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Could not bind attribute %s\n", attribute_name);
		return;
	}

	const char *uniform_name = "orthograph";
	GLint uniform_ortho = glGetUniformLocation(program, uniform_name);
	if(uniform_ortho == -1) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Could not bind uniform %s\n", uniform_name);
		return;
	}

	uniform_name = "mvp";
	uniform_mvp = glGetUniformLocation(program, uniform_name);
	if(uniform_mvp == -1) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Could not bind uniform %s\n", uniform_name);
		return;
	}

	uniform_name = "mytexture";
	uniform_mytexture = glGetUniformLocation(program, uniform_name);
	if(uniform_mytexture == -1) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Could not bind uniform %s\n", uniform_name);
		return;
	}

	glUseProgram(program);

	mat4 orthograph;
	mat4_orthagonal(WIDTH, HEIGHT, orthograph);
	glUniformMatrix4fv(uniform_ortho, 1, GL_FALSE, orthograph);

	g_timeout_add(20, on_idle, (void*)area);

}

static void on_render(GtkGLArea *area, GdkGLContext *context) {

	glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

	glUseProgram(program);
	glBindVertexArray(vao);

	glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, background.tex);
	glUniform1i(uniform_mytexture, 0);

	glUniformMatrix4fv(uniform_mvp, 1, GL_FALSE, background.mvp);

	glEnableVertexAttribArray(attribute_coord2d);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(attribute_texcoord);

	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, background.vbo);
	glVertexAttribPointer(
		attribute_coord2d,
		2,
		GL_FLOAT,
		GL_FALSE,
		sizeof(float) * 4,
		0
	);

	glVertexAttribPointer(
		attribute_texcoord,
		2,
		GL_FLOAT,
		GL_FALSE,
		sizeof(float) * 4,
		(void*)(sizeof(float) * 2)
	);
	glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6);

	glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, player.tex);
	glUniform1i(uniform_mytexture, 0);

	mat4_translate(player.pos, player.mvp);
	glUniformMatrix4fv(uniform_mvp, 1, GL_FALSE, player.mvp);

	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, player.vbo);
	glVertexAttribPointer(
		attribute_coord2d,
		2,
		GL_FLOAT,
		GL_FALSE,
		sizeof(float) * 4,
		0
	);

	glVertexAttribPointer(
		attribute_texcoord,
		2,
		GL_FLOAT,
		GL_FALSE,
		sizeof(float) * 4,
		(void*)(sizeof(float) * 2)
	);
	glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6);

	glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, bullet.tex);
	glUniform1i(uniform_mytexture, 0);

	int i;
	for(i = 0; i if(!enemy.active[i]) {
			continue;
		}

		mat4_translate(enemy.pos[i], enemy.mvp);
		glUniformMatrix4fv(uniform_mvp, 1, GL_FALSE, enemy.mvp);

		glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, enemy.vbo);
		glVertexAttribPointer(
			attribute_coord2d,
			2,
			GL_FLOAT,
			GL_FALSE,
			sizeof(float) * 4,
			0
		);

		glVertexAttribPointer(
			attribute_texcoord,
			2,
			GL_FLOAT,
			GL_FALSE,
			sizeof(float) * 4,
			(void*)(sizeof(float) * 2)
		);
		glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6);
	}

	glDisableVertexAttribArray(attribute_coord2d);
	glDisableVertexAttribArray(attribute_texcoord);

}

static gboolean on_idle(gpointer data) {

	if(player.right) {
		player.pos[0] += 6.0f;
	}

	if(player.left) {
		player.pos[0] -= 6.0f;
	}

	if(player.pos[0] <0) {
		player.pos[0] = 0.0f;
	} else if(player.pos[0] > WIDTH) {
		player.pos[0] = WIDTH;
	}

	int i, k;
	for(i = 0; i  WIDTH || enemy.pos[i][0] <0) {
			do_switch = TRUE;
		}

	}

	if(do_switch) {
		
		enemy.dx = -enemy.dx;

		for(i = 0; i float x_dif, y_dif, hypo, radius;

	for(i = 0; i  32.0f) {
				continue;
			}
			
			enemy.dx *= 1.05;

			player.active[i] = FALSE;
			enemy.active[k] = FALSE;

			break;
		}

	}

	gtk_widget_queue_draw(GTK_WIDGET(data));
	return TRUE;

}

static gboolean on_keydown(GtkWidget *widget, GdkEventKey *event) {

	switch(event->keyval) {
		case GDK_KEY_Left:
			player.left = TRUE;
		break;
		case GDK_KEY_Right:
			player.right = TRUE;
		break;
		case GDK_KEY_space:
			
			if(!player.space) {
				int i;
				for(i = 0; i keyval) {
		case GDK_KEY_Left:
			player.left = FALSE;
		break;
		case GDK_KEY_Right:
			player.right = FALSE;
		break;
		case GDK_KEY_space:
			player.space = FALSE;
		break;
	}

}

Compile with:

$ gcc -c -o DashGL/dashgl.o DashGL/dashgl.c -lepoxy -lpng -lm
$ gcc `pkg-config --cflags gtk+-3.0` main.c DashGL/dashgl.o `pkg-config --libs gtk+-3.0` \
-lepoxy -lm -lpng

Run with:

$ ./a.out